Down These Mean Streets Essay Example

Down These Mean Streets Essay This book Down These Mean Streetsis a classic confessional autobiography. This book wasfirst published in 1967. It was written by Piri Thomas, he was a man of African descent living in Spanish Harlem. It relates how he was lost even within his own family and his identity through drugs, street fighting, and armed robbery, nearly becoming yet another statistic by the age of twenty two. In this book it tells all about the persons life. It tells how he has suffered through his life time, and what he has been through. He has been through alot, he has gone from his hometown in Harlem to Suburbia, Down South, Prison and the New York Town. It all started out being a child and he had done a few things that made his father hit him. He has been saying that Poppa wont hit me again. He lived in a town called Harlem. He was down by Park Avenue and Harlem Park Avenue, it was a scary place. Especially the dirty stone trestle of the New York Centralthat was right down the middle of the aven ue making long, sloomy tunnels at each street corner. He feared death. The reason he feared death was when he once had a bullythat lived by the gutter who was more dangerous than they knew him to be. His name was Dopey, he was a kid that always was drooling at his mouth. One day someone had told him to drink dirty street water and that set him off to the City Hospital. Then the next time they saw Dopey was when he was changed, he did not look droopy at all, he looked like an ordinary person except dead. They traveled alot they were at on 114th street where all Puerto Ricans lived, then to 104th street between Lex and Park Avenue. He lived in apartment 109. He went to a school named Patrick Henry. Strange eyes followed him going to that school, it was a man known as Waneko. This man Waneko was more like a gangster, he had border lines on blocks which separated other pe

Dangerous Environmentalists

Dangerous Environmentalists Free Online Research Papers My wife drives a Nissan Altima that gets 32 miles a gallon and I motor around in a Maxima that faithfully achieves 28. My spouse and I habitually recycle our paper, glass and metal county trash and keep it all separate from our town-collected â€Å"other garbage.† We conscientiously maintain our property in a neat manner and keep our shrubs and bushes trimmed and our lawn well manicured. Like the plurality of Americans, we respect the environment and try our best to protect it. A fairly funny joke goes something like this: â€Å"Yesterday it was so cold outside that I actually saw a liberal with his hand in his own pocket!† I happen to believe that hardcore â€Å"Environmental Greenies† are very dangerous people. The fanatics invent crazy modern mythological terminology like â€Å"carbon footprint,† â€Å"alternative energy† and â€Å"global warming† and the overzealous charlatans expect to make the rest of civilization (including our easily impressionable and indoctrinated school children) feel guilty if we aren’t voluntarily and gullibly deceived by their creative frivolous terminology. But it’s my sincere contention that the on-a-mission Greenie extremists (along with their suspect unproven theories) constitute a major threat to American civilization because their radical militant movement is counter-productive to our already fragile U.S. economy and their perverted liberty-threatening agenda is a direct detriment to U.S. national security. For the purpose of clarity, let me explain my seemingly bizarre position on this contemporary issue. In truth, the more radical militant Greenies want to restrict your (and my) automotive mobility and limit your (and my) â€Å"fossil fuel freedom† in order to make you and me become more dependent on electric-powered vehicles and state-sponsored mass transportation. Generally speaking, radical Greenies are â€Å"extreme liberals† who don’t like American dependence on either foreign or domestic oil in order to operate our automobiles. The crazed lunatics insist that we use â€Å"alternative energy† to replace the scourge of petroleum products and carbon emissions presently polluting the atmosphere. Let’s get real here! When is the last time you’ve seen an automobile passing you on the highway with a solar panel and a windmill on its roof responsible for propelling it? Not even the most devout environmental Greenie has one of these â€Å"alternative energy† babies! â€Å"Alternative Energy† does not exist on any practical functional level! It’s successful implementation effectively replacing standard auto’ engines and fossil fuels is still decades away! The unique terminology â€Å"Alternative Energy† is really an anachronism, a misguided misnomer designed to goad the rest of us into feeling ashamed of driving around in gas-guzzling SUVs, Altimas and Maximas. The so-called totally electric cars that are out there are abundantly overpriced modes of transportation. One popular version sells for 44 thousand dollars, that is, after the government gives you a rebate of 10,000 bucks. Guess who pays for the ten thousand dollar rebate? You and I do! This Greenie-originated â€Å"rebate canard† represents a deliberate-but-strategic egregious redistribution of wealth designed to force and compel you and me to purchase plug-in cars that have to be re-energized every few hours and that have trouble accelerating over fifty miles an hour. Here’s another misuse of typical â€Å"Greenie† jargon, a disingenuous scoundrel idea called â€Å"Cap and Trade.† Allow me to emphasize that wind and solar power are not examples of â€Å"Alternative Energy† as the shrewd Greenies ardently argue. Wind and solar are what can best be described as â€Å"Supplemental Energy† that will not replace coal-generated electricity anytime in the immediate future. Now here’s the problem with the recently proposed Cap and Trade legislation. The wind and solar industries cannot economically or efficiently compete with coal as a source of competitive electric energy. And so, the existing power companies must pay fines for polluting the atmosphere, the penalty money going to subsidize newly created (but financially unprofitable) wind and solar companies. Again, beneath the Greenie ruse we have the deceptive hidden agenda of redistributing wealth from the practical â€Å"have corporations† to the impractical â€Å"have-not wind and solar companies.† Yes, according to the demands of Cap and Trade, good legitimate capitalistic money will be earmarked to slyly go from profitable electric companies to uncompetitive wind and solar corporations so folks, don’t be surprised when your electric bill goes up an additional twelve hundred dollars a year to finance this extravagant government-oriented money grab that’s custom-designed to assist the Greenies in accomplishing their warped goals! And permit me to assert that the real villains in this progressive travesty of economic justice are the Greenies who are desperately attempting to paint the electric companies as the evil capitalistic culprits that are contributing to increasing the size of our â€Å"carbon footprints.† I don’t know about your singular attitude, but I’m perfectly satisfied with the size of my carbon footprint and I don’t wish to see it diminished in any way. When the boisterous Greenies eventually convince Russia, China and India to stop polluting the environment and the atmosphere (which just happens to travel around the globe to the USA), then that’s the appropriate time for America to join the idealistic quixotic crusade to save the planet. Indeed, our own national security is currently being jeopardized in the form of self-destructive unilateral economic disarmament. By listening to and legislating the Greenies’ deleterious environmental program, industrial jobs are gradually going overseas to the new manufacturing countries of Russia, India and China, giving those three foreign nations (that obviously don’t care too much about the environment) an international competitive advantage over the self-victimized United States, where it is estimated that two oil and coal industry jobs are lost for every â€Å"alternative energy† job that is created through wily socialistic wealth (and energy) redistribution. Yes indeed, the radical Greenies are very possessed quixotic liberals that want to save the planet while naively and inadvertently destroying American civilization through ignorantly crippling the formerly virile U.S. economy. The one-track-mind Greenies truly desire middle class citizens to engage in an irresponsible class warfare game with the rich as John Doe’s targeted combatants. Yes, tax the wealthy more so that we can more readily redistribute and share the common wealth! By raising taxes on the rich to help support saving the environment, here’s what’s really occurring. The middle-class is in the act of spiting itself! The so-called rich control all goods and services produced in America so therefore, the cost of items the middle-class buys will conversely go up. By redistributing the wealth through higher taxes on the rich (with some of the money going to the Greenie causes), we all can expect to pay more for soap, soup and meat at the supermarket and more for clothes, tools and paint at Wal*Mart. A tax on the wealthy is really a hefty burden on you and me, the American consumer! Just objectively examine the economic statistics to further understand my point! In 2010, the U.S. trade deficit has averaged 41 billion dollars a month while Red China’s trade surplus in October was in excess of 27 billion dollars. The ongoing and very dangerous Greenies’ philosophy will make the United States export less and import even more by sending more industrial jobs overseas to countries that don’t have the same reverence for a pristine environment as America does. Is there any wonder that Red China holds 800 billion dollars in U.S. bond debt? Is there any Greenie out there that doesn’t see this astonishing and growing ugly debt scenario as either a potential or direct threat to U.S. national security? Just examine what the maniacal Greenies and their political influence have done to Californias San Joaquin Valley, which was once the most productive agricultural region in the USA. Canal water is being dammed and diverted south of San Francisco in order to protect endangered fish species such as the delta smelt and the silvery minnow. As a result of over 150 billion gallons of water being re-channeled annually, thousands of acres of cantaloupe, grapes, tomatoes, lettuce and onion crops have been sacrificed (along with over 40,000 agricultural jobs) while simultaneously generating much higher chain store fruit and produce prices. Finally, the crazed Greenies insist that the Earth is in jeopardy because of an impending phenomenon known as â€Å"Global Warming.† This is another hypothetical trick designed to scare the rest of us into believing the gross distortions of the asylum-oriented environmental gospel. Ever since the Cambrian geologic age that had occurred on Planet Earth over 700 million years ago, scientists estimate that there have been over 300 Ice Ages. In fact, the last Great Ice Age ended only around ten thousand years ago when the Great Lakes had been scoured-out by the northern retreat of the tremendously thick layer of glacial ice. Americans don’t have to fear the Greenies’ doomsday version of Global Warming nearly as much as they have to be wary of the prospect of Global Cooling. Just imagine this rather frightening catastrophic rendition of events! A mile-high sheet of glacial ice again descends from the Arctic Circle onto the United States and soon every skyscraper in Seattle, Chicago and New York City is violently crushed and devastated during a 21st century three hundred and first cataclysmic ice invasion. Don’t listen to these dangerous Greenie environmentalists that want to control our everyday lives at our own expense, thus endangering our own individual independence and national prosperity! Global Cooling is a much more formidable potential disaster than Global Warming (coastal flooding) will ever be! Research Papers on Dangerous EnvironmentalistsTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Stateless People - Illegal immigrants in the U.S Essay

Stateless People - Illegal immigrants in the U.S - Essay Example Alternatively, immigration can also be referred to instances where an individual who was previously granted a legal entry into a country stays longer than the stipulated time that he/she was allowed. Illegal immigration may also occur when the immigrants goes against the laws that they were admitted with into that particular country this maybe through the acts of engaging in illegal activities or any other action that contravenes the immigration laws of that nation. (LeMay, 2007).2 Most advanced economies nations are often faced with the problem of illegal immigration into their borders some of the immigrants end up in illegal activities like drug peddling or even terrorist attacks which negatively impact the homeland security of those specific nations. Moreover, it is also common place for these countries to receive visitors from other countries who come on visitation purposes but in the long run end up staying longer that they were legally granted thus turning out to be illegal immigrants. USA is known to be a destination for smuggling of human beings especially through the border with Mexico whereby people from as far as Latin America utilizes that route to gain access to the country with the hope of a better life owing to the stable economic condition that America has enjoyed for a considerable period of time. The issue of immigration has been so rife given the increased numbers of illegal immigration that take place across the borders annually and the federal government has to spend a considerable amount of the taxpayers money to arrest prosecute and even deport those immigrants to their respective countries of origin (Kenney, 2008).3 Illegal immigrants who cross into the territory of the United States if America are often undocumented people thus are regarded as stateless since they do not conform to any particular governing body. In essence, they are not

360 Degree Feedback Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

360 Degree Feedback - Case Study Example This is so because unlike traditional review process, 360 degree feedback involves the ratings and comments of not only immediate supervisors and bosses, but also peers, colleagues, subordinates and even some outsiders. Thus, the person getting rated might feel uncomfortable or not ready to accept feedback from so many people or employees falling below him in the hierarchy level. Thus, 360 degree feedback first needs to be aligned with that of the corporate strategy and specific objective needs to be specified for its implementation. Whatever has been specified above is missing from Landon’s initiative of 360 degree feedback. Sam Glass, who is one of the supervisors and person responsible for looking after 360 degree feedback process is himself unsure of the fact that whether it is used as a performance appraisal tool or for chalking out future compensation plan. Following it, it cannot be denied that even more unawareness will be spread amongst the employees of Landon regardi ng the purpose and benefits of 360 degree feedback process. As already mentioned by Alex in the opening paragraphs, this tool was suggested by the Vice-President of Avant-Garde’s Consumer Products Division. Thus, no evidence of this tool being aligned to corporate strategy or specific objectives charted out is visible. ... Numerous modifications and changes are required in the way Landon is proceeding with its 360 degree feedback process. First and foremost, it needs to state in clear terms what actually it wants to achieve with this tool- just evaluating the performance of its employees or devising compensation, training and development plans based on feedbacks received. One thing important to note here is this tool cannot be used for a single problem employee. Also, it should not be used at times when the organization or one of its departments are going a change or revamping in any way. This might be one of the reasons why Alex is uncomfortable with this system of feedback because he was made responsible to restructure the marketing of two product lines. Definitely he might have used some measures or actions which brought out his tough, uncaring and ambitious personality traits which get accounted for in the feedback and can face repercussion for those temporary actions and behavior. Secondly, organi zation wide communication has to be undertaken by Landon to ensure that each and every member of the organization knows and understand well the concept. Employees cannot connect with this form of rating unless and until they perceive security and benefits for them. Raters should be chosen keeping in mind the surrounding network of the person being rated. Regular query handling session should also be incorporated by Landon to make sure that employees are positive towards this concept and do not feel that organization is using this tool as a means to kick them off their jobs. Question 2 360 degree feedback is a tool to modify behaviors of employees and align them with that of the corporate mission and strategy. The 360 degree feedback tool comprises of data and comments from

Does Religion Cause War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does Religion Cause War - Essay Example Beliefs are the key word of the definition. When an individual or group has a set of religious beliefs, these beliefs are their life. Religious beliefs are the main component reflecting decisions that one may make. This means that religious beliefs do not cause war but may influence decisions made after a war has already begun. This can raise argument but truth has shown that most war has begun as a result of territory and possessions and not solely because of religion. Religion regarding beliefs has been an issue of war since creation. Every individual practices some form of religion like Christianity, Judaism, or Atheism. Each form of religion is similar in the sense that the belief is a religion and a way of life. Each religion is also quite different. Many like those in the Christian religion are persecuted for their religious beliefs and cannot be caught acting in a Christian manner. The persecution creates a war in the life of the Christian. They must choose between honoring th eir beliefs and being persecuted. The United States, according to a poll by ABC news consist of 83% Christians. This may be because Christianity is so well tolerated in America and Christians can freely practice Christianity. In other areas of the world Christianity is not accepted and has been known to cause war. This war is more so between the Christian and Muslim communities.

Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Coating

Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Coating Qiongyu Zhoua,b, Yadong Zhanga, Xiaofen Wanga, Hebing Wanga, Ping Oua* aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China bInstitute of Applied Physics, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Shangfang Road 108, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330029, PR China Keywords: Ni-W alloy; Composite coating; Cr2O3nano-particles; Microhardness; Corrosion resistance 1. Introduction Mild steel is a most widely-used metal materials in engineering and industrial applications due to its low price and acceptable properties [1]. However, mild steel could not be suitable served in the harsh environment because of its highly susceptible to corrosion and mediocre mechanical strengths [2]. Failures (such as corrosion or wear) often occur on the surfaces of mild steel devices [3]. Therefore, preparation of an protective coating is one of the best known methods for broadening the application fields of mild steel [4, 5]. In recent years, electrodeposition technology has been widely used because it is really a convenient, practical and inexpensive method for engineering application [6]. Numbers of metal or alloy (such as Ni [7], Zn [8], Cr [9], Ni-W [10, 11], Ni-Co [12], Zn-Ni [13] et al.) have been  electrodeposited as the protective coating on the surface of mild steel. Among these coatings, Ni-W alloy coating has drawn lots of interests as a candidate to replace hard ch romium, because of its low toxicity for aquatic species [10]. In general, the purpose of researches on electroplated Ni-W alloy coating is how to enhance their hardness and corrosion resistance. Particularly, incorporation a second ceramic particles into the growing metal or alloy matrix during the electroplating process is a effective method. The composite coatings always exhibited enhanced mechanical and corrosion properties [14-17]. For this reason, a large amount of researches have been drawn on Ni-W nanocomposite coatings (Ni-W-Al2O3[18], Ni-W-SiO2 [19],Ni-W-TiO2[20], Ni-W-diamond [21] and Ni-W-SiC[22], et. al). The ceramic particles used as the second-phase in the composite coatings, more or less, would promote the corrosion resistance, hardness or wear-resistance [23-25]. Although nano-Cr2O3 particles  have been certified as a favorable and considerable incorporated ceramic particles in Ni or Co coating [26, 27], there is no report about nano Cr2O3 particles employed in electrodeposition of Ni-W nanocomposite coatings so far. In this p aper, in order to improve the performance of Ni-W alloy coating which is know as a environment friendly protective coating with excellent for mild steel, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating was electrodepositied in the sulfate-citric bath containing various of Cr2O3 nanoparticles for improving both its hardness and corrosion resistance. Mild steel (1-1 cm2, Q235, Baosteel Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China) was used as cathode and a platinum plate (1-1 cm2, Xianren instrument Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China) was employed as the anode. The mild steel was mechanically polished by 800, 1200 and 2000 grit emery-paper and then ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 600 s. The cleaned mild steel was activated in 10% (w/v) HCl solution for 30 s and then washed with distilled water. The base consist of electrolyte solution is as follows: 26.3 g/L NiSO4 ·6H2O, 98.95 g/L Na2WO4 ·2H2O, 147.05 g/L Na3C6H5O7 ·2H2O, 26.75 g/L NH4Cl, 0.3 g/L NaBr. Before electrodeposition, nano-Cr2O3 particles was added into the electrodeposition bath and then dispersed by ultrasonic concussion (3600 s) to break up agglomerates. The electroplating current density and time were 4 A/dm2 and 1800 s. 2.2. Coatings characterization The surface morphology was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F), supplied with an EDS spectrometer (Oxford Instruments, UK) for determining the chemical compositions of the coatings. The phase compositions of electrodeposited coatings were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD, D/max-2200) with Cu KÃŽ ± radiation, operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning from 20 ° to 100 ° with the step of 0.02 °. The surface microhardness ofNi-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings were measured using a microhardness tester (VH-3) at an applied load of 9.8 N for 15 s, each sample was tesetd five times for averaging. The corrosion behavior of the obtained coating was evaluated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution by using an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E). All experiments were conducted in a conventional three-electrode cell (consisting of the electro-deposied coating as a working electrode, Pt sheet as a counter electrode and SCE as a reference electrode). The potentiodynamic polarization test (Tafel) of electro-deposied coating was tested from -800 mV to -400 mV with a scan rate of 1 mV, while mild steel was tested from -900 mV to -600 mV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted at Ecorr, with voltage perturbation amplitude of 10 mV in the frequency range from 105 Hz to 10-2Hz. All electrochemical tests are carried out at room temperature (25 oC). 3.1 Characterization of nano-Cr2O3particles The characterization of nano-Cr2O3particles was carried out by using TEM and XRD analysis, the results are displayed in Fig. 1. It is showed that the particles are free of secondary phases except Cr2O3, which is consists of polyhedral structure with the mean diameter of about 40 nm. Inevitably, there are  some degree of agglomeration between the nano-particles. The composition of electroplated W alloy coatings can be analysed by EDS as the previous studies [28]. The W content and Cr2O3 in the electroplated coatings as a function of Cr2O3 addition in the electroplating bath are displayed in Fig. 2. The Cr2O3 content is corresponding to detected Cr element ratio in Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings. As shown in Fig. 2, with the increase of Cr2O3 concentration in electroplating bath, the Cr2O3 particles incorporated in the coating increase rapidly when the Cr2O3 concentration is low (≠¤5 g/L). While it increases gradually when the Cr2O3 concentration is in range of 10-20 g/L. A deviation from the Langmuir adsorption behavior in the high Cr2O3 concentration solution is observed, which is caused by some particles would sedimentate by gravity in hydrodynamic conditions of without agitated. In addition, the results reveal that W content corresponding decreases with the increase of Cr2O3 addition in electroplating bath. This is because that th e sufficiently high overpotentials is in favour of deposition of W atom[29]. Once the Cr2O3 nano-particles adsorbed on cathode surface, it could form as nucleation sites and accordingly reduce the overpotentials. As a result, the deposition of W atom is inhibited, while Ni itself can also be deposited from its complex with citrate[30]. Fig. 3 shows the XRD patterns of the coatings electrodeposited in the bath with and without Cr2O3 nano-particles. In the bath without Cr2O3 nano-particles (shown in Fig.3a), the pattern of obtained coating consists of a broad peak from 41 ° to 47 °, indicating the amorphous nature of the Ni-W alloy coating. The amorphous structure should be electrodeposited under the pretense of the deposition rate is high compared to the exchange rate, which implies that all metal atoms are immediately discharged once they get to cathode surface. Thus, high content of W in the alloy must be observed, which is confirmed by the EDS result (45.8 wt.%, shown in Fig 2). What more, the amorphous characteristic also can be demonstrated by the SEM micrograph of Ni-W alloy coating (Fig.4a). As the results reported in the literatures by O. Younes [30] and T. Yamasaki [31], the electrodeposited Ni-W alloy coatings presented as an amorphous state when tungsten composition ranged from 20 to 40 at.%. While th e structure of deposited would transform once the Cr2O3 nano-particles existed in the bath, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings exhibit crystalline fcc structure of Ni-W alloy and Cr2O3 phases. The reason for this phenomenon is that the reduced overpotentials caused by the adsorbed Cr2O3 nano-particles on cathode surface would lead to deposition of crystalline phase, which is thermodynamically more stable than the amorphous phase [30]. Simultaneously, an unidentified peak at 2ÃŽ ¸Ã¢â€°Ë†41.4 is presented in the patterns of the Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings. Similar peak have been observed by I. Mizushima et. al [32] and R. JuÃ… ¡k-nas et. al [33]. The former proposed that it is the codeposition of nanocrystalline Ni(-W) and Ni-W-C phases [32]. While R. JuÃ… ¡k-nas et. al claimed this peak corresponded to NiWO4[33]. However, so far this anomalous peak remains unidentified. As the increasing of Cr2O3 nano-particles addition in solution, the intensity for diffraction peak of Ni-W (111) i ncreases and unidentified line profile decreases, indicating that grain sizes of the Ni-W crystallites increase and the unidentified phase in the composite coatings gradual reduce. Fig. 4 shows the surface morphology of the coatings electrodeposited in baths containing different amount of Cr2O3 nano-particles. In all cases, the coatings are compact, uniform and crack-free, which can provide a barrier to protect substrate material. In comparison of Ni-W coating which shows a typical amorphous characteristic which is absence of grain boundaries, Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings is consisted of irregular crystal structures, uniform distributed ultrafine Cr2O3 particles and some arresting big nodules, which is caused by Cr2O3 agglomerates codeposited with Ni-W as metal electrocrystallized. With the increase of Cr2O3addition in the solution, the Cr2O3 particles corresponding increase and the nodules trend to be unobvious. The reason may be that Cr2O3agglomerates become much more serious in the high concentration solution and then precipitate by settlement. Thus, the possibility for agglomerates absorbed on the vertically cathode surface and formation of nodules reduce during the electrodeposition process. Generally, homogeneous distribution of incorporated ceramic particles in composite coating would be benefit to enhance its properties [18]. 3.3. Microhardness The microhardnesses of Ni-W and Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings are showed in Fig. 5. Compared with Ni-W coating (687 HV0.1), Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings exhibite a considerable increase in microhardness (717~764 HV0.1). And the harness increase with the increase of Cr2O3concentration in the bath. Similar trend is usual observed in previous publication [18, 19]. The nano-particles incorporated in alloy coatings would positively contribute on the hardness by impeding the fast dislocation movement the grain boundary sliding of the matrix [19]. As a result, the hardness is direct relate to the incorporated Cr2O3particles in the coating, which increased with the Cr2O3 concentration in the bath ( as shown in Fig. 1). It is noted that the increase in hardness of the Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coating are limited when the Cr2O3 concentration in the bath increase from 10 g/L to 20 g/L. As the research published previously, both W content and incorporated nano-particles would contribute to the hard ness of W alloy coating [11, 20]. With the increase of Cr2O3 concentration in bath, the increase of Cr2O3 in electrodeposited coating would result in increased hardness, However, the promotion of hardness performance would be limited by the contrary effects of decrease of W content in electrodeposited coating. 3.4 Corrosion resistance properties The corrosion resistance of electrodeposited coating was evaluated by polarization curves and EIS, the result displayed in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, respectively. The corrosion parameters (Ecorr , icorr) extracted form polarization curves in Fig. 6 are listed in Table 1. It is revealed that both amorphous Ni-W coating and crystalline Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings show noble Ecorrcombine with low icorr compared with mild steel substrate. This means, the compact electrodeposited coatings can provide an effective protection for mild steel substrate. A passivation region (-0.55V~-0.45V) is observed in the anode area of polarization curves for Ni-W coating. Passive layer is often formed on the surface of amorphous alloy and provide protective effect for prevent further corrosion [34]. Meanwhile, the Ni-W coating show a lowest icorr in all electroplated coatings, indicating a most excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, with the increase of Cr2O3 concentration in electroplating bath, the corrosion resistance of obtainedNi-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating became better in view of a gradual increase of icorr. When the Cr2O3 concentration in the bath increased to 20 g/L, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating show a fairly approximate icorr compare with that of Ni-W coating. The corrosion reaction and products at the electrode/electrolyte interface can be analysed by EIS measurements in conjunction with impedance fitting. Fig. 7 show Nyquist plots of mild steel and electrodeposited coatings obtained in baths with different amount of Cr2O3 nano-particles. The plots for electrodeposited coating and mild steel substrate are consist of a continuous circle arcs, meaning that aggressive ions (Cl) can not across the compact coating and only one primary interfacial reactions occured between the coating surface (or mild steel sample) and electrolyte. To model this corrosion behavior, suitable equivalent circuits showed in Fig. 8 was employed [35]. In this equivalent circuit, Rs is solution resistance, Cdl is double-layer capacitance formed in the substrate/electrolyte interface, CPE is a constant phase element for revealing the non-ideal dielectric properties of the coatings, and Rct is the charge transfer resistance of the coating (or substrate) interface, which relate to the intrinsic corrosion reaction of materials. The fitted values are listed in Table 2. As shown, Rct value of Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating electrodeposited in the bath containing 2 g/L Cr2O3is much smaller than that of Ni-W coating. This is because passive layer formed on Ni-W coating surface would prevent corrosion reaction, while no passive behavior have been observed for the crystalline Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating. What more, the Rct values of Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating increase with the increase of Cr2O3concentration in the bath, and the Rct value of Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating electrodeposited in the bath containing 2 g/L Cr2O3is quite close to the Rct value of the Ni-W coating, meaning that this Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating have an excellent corrosion resistance as amorphous Ni-W coating. Compact Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel from sulfate-citrate bath containing Cr2O3nano-particles. Compared with Ni-W coating (687 HV0.1), Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings exhibite a considerable increase in microhardness value (717~764 HV0.1). In addition, incorporation of little Cr2O3nano-particles into amorphous Ni-W coating would transform its structure to crystalline, which resulted in no passive behavior occurred on the coating surface and decrease of corrosion resistance. However, the corrosion resistance of Ni-W-Cr2O3 coating could be improved with the increase of Cr2O3concentration in the bath. Finally, a excellent Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating with approximate corrosion resistance and much higher hardness compared with Ni-W coating can be obtained in the bath containing 20 g/L Cr2O3nano-particles. This Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coating can be considered as an ideal protective coating to broaden the application of mild steel.

Recovering Paul Ricoeurs Intervention in the Gadamer-Habermas Debate :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Recovering Paul Ricoeur's Intervention in the Gadamer-Habermas Debate ABSTRACT: In this paper I will examine a contemporary response to an important debate in the "science" of hermeneutics, along with some cross-cultural implications. I discuss Paul Ricoeur's intervention in the debate between Gadamer and Habermas concerning the proper task of hermeneutics as a mode of philosophical interrogation in the late 20th century. The confrontation between Gadamer and Habermas turns on the assessment of tradition and the place of language within it; the hermeneutical stance takes a positive stance, while ideologiekritik views tradition with a hooded-brow of suspicion, tantamount to "seeing tradition as merely the systematically distorted expression of communication under unacknowledged conditions of violence." In his own rescue operation, Ricoeur combines the reanimation of traditional sources of communicative action with the re-awakening of political responsibility towards a creative renewal of cultural heritage. His fusion or consensus adverts to specific sym bols of Western eschatology, viz., liberation, salvation, and hope. What will result if we juxtaposed Buddhist, Daoist and Hindu symbols of Non-being, Nature as transcendence and Intelligence, respectively? Preamble In this paper I wish to examine a contemporary response to an important debate in the "science" of hermeneutics — "the art of rightly understanding the speech, chiefly in written form, of another" (Schleiermacher, 1977). The 20th century has witnessed, what elsewhere has been termed, "a profound radicalisation of the understanding of texts" in asmuch as hermeneutics — the programmatic of interpretation and all that it had hitherto supposed about the nature and relation of text and its meaning — is itself problematised. The site of the contestation has been language, understood in the broadest possible sense of the medium that functions to convey meaning, textual and otherwise. A variety of responses maturing into formidable intellectual movements have emerged, and continue to be articulated, especially in philosophy, literary studies and the social sciences. As is well-known, this virtual explosion of theories of textual meaning and vastly differing models of lin guistic understanding, or of the semiological processes, during the intellectual ferment known as Modernism, has had considerable impact in as areas as far afield as architecture, the arts, postmodernism, feminist studies, psychoanalysis, cross-cultural and post-colonial discourses, indigenist jurisprudence and even on geography and ecology or the geo-sciences. I will here confine my inquiry to a significant thinker rather than cover any particular movement or movements. I have chosen to discuss Paul Ricoeur's intervention in the debate between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jungen Habermas concerning the proper task or calling as it were of hermeneutics as a mode of philosophical interrogation in the late 20th century.

Human effects on environments Essay

Human effects on environments is increasing during the past few years. Those trash and pollution made by people is becoming detrimental to local environment. There is a survey done in Xingqing park in Xian about human effects on natural environment. Water quality including turbidity and pH were tested, also the quality of soil was tested. In addition human effects were found in order to see how deep the damage is. Food web provides a view of creatures live in there in order to give an opinion on how much the pollution is. The result was that human activities does have negative effects on natural environment in various ways, so in conclusion people should care moe about loca environment instead of through trash. Introduction Human activities sometimes contaminates the nature, it can be seen in many parts of city such as parks and lakes. Here the environment of Xingqing park is damaged by people for many years. As a park, it locates in the center of the city which means the majority of people come there frequently. In order to find the damage, items such as pH, turbidity and others were tested to find out how much the negative effects are. Human activities like footprints and trashes are also counted in. The thesis is that human activities has detrimental damage on environment because of trash and lack of cleaning. Method In order to find out the quality of water, first we tested the water turbidity using Secchi disk, measured the length of the line to calculate the turbidity. Then the pH of water was tested using pH paper. Soil pH is a little different, we have to put soil and water in a ratio of 1 over 5, then wait until water and soil separated into layers, the clear part of the water will be tested by pH paper. For plants distribution and food chain we use a map to mark every time we see certain creatures. Human activities including foot prints and trash are marked in the map also. Then results will be analyzed to reach the conclusion. Findings Based on research, there are something in the park represents environmental damage. Walking around the lake there is died fish over the corner spreads smelly smell, it seems that the quality of water is not good enough to support such big creatures. Also there are not enough decomposers to break it down. In addition, there are several insects float on the water, also some trash such as plastic bags are around corner of the lake edge. The water turbidity is 33cm in Secchi disk measurement, another thing is seen commonly is massive of bacteria on the surface of water floating around,which is disgusting. On the ground there is a wild crab found in the bush, also there are wild sparrows and magpies found in the tree but not so many. For plans distribution, since it is an artificial lake, the plants are mostly planted by human, rings of tress surrounded the whole lake. But the grass cover is not in a high rate, hard soil is everywhere due to human walking, about 40%of land is covered by grass. Another thing need to consider is soil and water pH, however both the soil and lake have water in basic levels of 7 to 8, which is just ok for creatures to survive. Finally we noticed that there are a huge amount of ants, including big ants and small ants. Small ants stay together meanwhile big ants going around alone. As internet shown the air quality is not as bad, pm2.5 is in a level of 110 in general.

MPM210-1501A-04 Introduction To Project Management Phase 5 DB Coursework

MPM210-1501A-04 Introduction To Project Management Phase 5 DB Coursework MPM210 Project Management: Personal Review and Reflection al Affiliation Project management is vital in today’s society because majority of projects fail due to poor management of cost, scope, and delivery; this has been estimated to be approximately 85% amongst IT related projects. Overall, the unit provided me with an opportunity to acquire knowledge on a number of issues in project management that I had never quite considered as vital. On the surface, one might ignore the importance of project management, yet it is an important cog in today’s competitive environment. Hence project management systematically ensures that a project moves through its cycle: initiating, planning, execution, monitoring and closing, and as a result it helps in reducing costs that may be incurred from repetitive work (Heerkens, 2002). This four cycle process in project management unit, proved to be the most compelling topics under the unit. Throughout the session I developed a liking for the term W ork Breakdown Structure (WBS). This is the chart where critical work function referred to as tasks of the project are shown in relationship with one another and the project as a whole (Haugan, 2002). The Project Scope Management Plan provides all the information for the Project Management and ensures that the scope will be verified (Kloppenborg, 2012). It also gives guidance on how project scope will be managed. Some approaches I can utilize as a future Project Manager must verify these deliverables are those items that have been finished. However, upon the end of implementation phase, closing a project becomes a necessary point (Barker & Cole, 2007).  . Closing a project requires careful analysis and often misunderstood from a project management standpointOne approach that I learned in managing change request is another huge issue that project managers have to be well-aware off. This is problematic because change requests are part of any project management. Controlling change req uests for creating virtual servers or a software for instance would have to support the elements that the business case possesses can be cumbersome to manage when closing a project. ReferencesBarker, S., & Cole, R. (2007).  Brilliant project management: What the best project managers know, say and do. Harlow,England: Pearson Prentice Hall Business.Haugan, G. T. (2002).  Effective work breakdown structures. Vienna, Va: Management Concepts.Heerkens, G. (2002). Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill.Kloppenborg, T. J. (2012).  Contemporary project management: Organize, plan, perform. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Help With Spelling Problems for ESL Classes

Help With Spelling Problems for ESL Classes Here are the most common spelling rules in English. For exceptions to the rules take a look at Common Spelling Problems. Capital Letters Use Capital (T, S, B, etc.) letters for the following types of words: Days, months and public holidays: Monday, January, ChristmasProper names of people and places: Jack, Maria, New York, GermanyTitles for people: Ms, Dr, GeneralNationalities and regions (both nouns and adjectives): Dutch, Swedish, BasqueTitles of works of art (content words only): The Last Day of Summer, American Journal of Medicine When to Double Final Consonants The final consonant of a word is often doubled when adding -ed, -ing, -er, -est in the following cases: The double final b, d, g, l, m, n, p, r, and t at the end of words:rob - robbingsad - sadderbig - biggerskim - skimmingwin - winnerpop - poppingprefer - preferredhit - hittingWords of more than one syllable have their consonants doubled only when the final syllable is stressed:begin - beginn ing BUT open - openingdefer - deferr ing BUT offer - offeringWhen words have more than one syllable and end in L British English always doubles the L, even in the case of unstressed syllables. In American English, on the other hand, the L is not doubled when the syllable is unstressed.British English - travelledAmerican English - traveledMore information on the differences between British and American English. Here are the most common spelling rules in English. For exceptions to the rules take a look at Common Spelling Problems. Final -E Leave off the final e in the following cases: When the word ends in e adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (this is usually the case, although there are exceptions such as outrageous):make - makingnote - notableDo not leave out the final e when a word ends in ee:agree - agreeableWords ending in ge and ce do NOT drop the final e:encourage - encouragementembrace - embraceable 'IE' and 'EI' This is a common spelling problem, even for native English speakers. Probably the best thing to do is remember this rhyme: I before E except after Creliefthiefbelieve But...perceivereceiptceiling 'Y' and 'I' When adding an ending to a word that finishes in y, the y usually changes to i: Most nouns and verbs that end in y have plural or third person singular conjugations that change to i:party - partieshurry - She hurries to work.When changing the word form (for example from adjective to adverb):happy - happilylazy - lazilyeasy - easier Do NOT change the final y to i when y is preceded by a vowel:stay - staysenjoy - enjoyed Exceptions: say, lay, pay - said, laid, paidDo NOT change the final y to i when followed by -ing, -ism, -ish:boy - boyishtry - trying 'IE' to 'Y' When a word ends in ie change to y before adding -ing:die - dyinglie - lying

Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis Assignment

Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis - Assignment Example The relative advantages for these products are that they have a wider usage coverage including schools, offices, hospitals, media houses, factories and of course homes. 2. Comparability Comparability is the capability of existing or performing in harmonious or congenial combination in terms of international marketing, it can be explained to means a situation where different companies employ similar or related business standard such as accounting, measure concepts and measures of closure. As a new force entering Japan and Tokyo for that matter, kikk.k would have comparability with existing companies who ply their trade in similar products such as stationery and plastics. As a new force, it will be important for kikk.k not to deviate from existing business norms as deviating is likely to cause hostility to existing customers who ma not be up to speed with their new norms. 3. Complexity In marketing and in business venturing, complexity can be explained with relation to customer’ s willingness to adapt to the policies and marketing strategies of new companies at the expense of existing ones. To this effect, the degree of difficulty which a purchaser of a new product has in understanding the product, a major determinant of the rate of new product adoption. Japan is market destiny where consumers have fairly great understanding of stationery and plastic products due to the high level and preference for education. Kikk.k would therefore have this to their advantage but would still have to do more to convince consumers of why switching to their kind of products against existing ones is the best decision. 4. Trialability In international marketing, a common strategy adopted by most old companies entering new territories is to make potential consumers try products for free. This has always been necessary because of the need to convince consumers of the need to choose new products to existing ones. Companies and consumers in Japan believe in this principle and so k ikki.k should be ready to bare the risk and cost of going into trial programs for potential consumers. 5. Observability Kikk.k will have to conduct intensive market observation in two major areas. These are consumer behavior observation and business trend observation. In Japanese markets, the use of observation as research methods has proved workable for companies and has yielded results making business and marketing plans. This duty of observation can at the initial stages be done by the middlemen who will be working for the company. This will reduce cost. A. Major problems and resistances to product acceptance based on the preceding evaluation Product acceptance for stationery and plastic products in Japan will not be difficult due to reasons as the use of such products and the need for them that is already in Japan. The difficulty will however lie in kikki.k convincing consumers to choose their new range of China Made products especially as China is a major competitor with Japan as far as plastic manufacturing is concerned. Moreover, Japanese are people who love to keep the tradition of using products made in their country. Despite these, when a very good research (observation) is undertaken, it will be possible to determine the purchasing trend of consumers so that a workable marketing plan will be designed to cover even conservative consumers. II. Sources of information Marketing Teacher,

Cross Cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Cross Cultural management - Essay Example noted is that there are researches and case study analyses regarding cross-culture in abundance conducted over the years to understand the changing prospects of cross-culture communication. Past researches conducted so far regarding the subject of cross-cultural communication have been able to understand and assess the ways in which so. The chosen strategy for this research paper aims to undertake a case study analysis of the Swedish organization to understand the prospects of cross-cultural communication and its impact on the organizational operations. The subject of cross-culture management and issues arising in the international business economy is critical because it pertains to interconnected fields of study. For instance, cross cultural communication undertakes major inspirations for study from communication, psychology and other fields of social sciences. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate differing aspects of cross cultural communication. It is due to this reason that in order to conduct the assessment of cross cultural communication within an existing organization, different disciplines and aspects will be taken into consideration. It is imperative to elaborate regarding cross-culture communication and management before understanding the aspects or factors that affect cross-cultural communication in accordance to the case study of ImseVimse. Andrews in his research entitled â€Å"Cross-Cultural Management† (2009) marked that cross cultural communication is a very critical area of management. It is because employees, international vendors or suppliers etc. are considered as major assets for organizations. Globalization has made organizations to hire employees from different cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. In the similar fashion, Haghirian (2012) also noted and explained cross-culture communication and its management as an integral part of service for managers. It is merely because it has everything to do with different employees and